Papua – Coconet https://coconet.social A Platform for Digital Rights Movement Building in the Asia-Pacific Thu, 18 Jun 2020 02:04:46 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.8.1 https://coconet.social/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/favicon-150x150.png Papua – Coconet https://coconet.social 32 32 Pemblokiran Internet di Papua dan Papua Barat vs Kelanjutan Putusan Majelis Hakim PTUN Jakarta https://coconet.social/2020/papua-pemblokiran-internet-indonesia/ https://coconet.social/2020/papua-pemblokiran-internet-indonesia/#respond Fri, 12 Jun 2020 07:25:29 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1487 Awal bulan Juni 2020, Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) menyatakan Pemerintah Indonesia, dalam hal ini Presiden RI dan Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informasi (Menkominfo), telah melanggar hukum atas tindakan pelambatan (throttling) dan pemblokiran internet di beberapa wilayah di Papua dan Papua Barat pada tahun 2019. Kasus yang terjadi selama kurang lebih satu bulan dari tanggal 19 Agustus hingga 28 September 2019 ini diajukan ke PTUN oleh koalisi kelompok masyarakat sipil yang ada di Asia Tenggara. Kemenangan Tim Pembela Kebebasan Pers atas gugatan pada Menkominfo dan Presiden RI, menjadi contoh baik menyikapi cara pemerintah menerapkan otoritasnya dalam pengelolaan Internet.

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“Kenapa Jaringan Internet Di Putus? (red)” Ditangkap dari video Pemutusan Jaringan Internet di Papua dari West Papua Updates (WPU), digunakan dengan izin WPU.

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Awal bulan Juni 2020, Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) menyatakan Pemerintah Indonesia, dalam hal ini Presiden RI dan Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informasi (Menkominfo), telah melanggar hukum atas tindakan pelambatan (throttling) dan pemblokiran internet di beberapa wilayah di Papua dan Papua Barat pada tahun 2019. Kasus yang terjadi selama kurang lebih satu bulan dari tanggal 19 Agustus hingga 28 September 2019 ini diajukan ke PTUN oleh koalisi kelompok masyarakat sipil yang ada di Asia Tenggara.

Kemenangan Tim Pembela Kebebasan Pers atas gugatan pada Menkominfo dan Presiden RI, menjadi contoh baik menyikapi cara pemerintah menerapkan otoritasnya dalam pengelolaan Internet. Proses yang panjang, mulai dari pertemuan tatap muka dengan Kemkominfo, memenangkan petisi daring, rupanya masih harus dibawa ke jalur hukum.

Putusan ini menjadi sangat penting mengingat selama ini, kebebasan pers dan kebebasan berekspresi di dalam maupun tentang Papua berada dalam status quo narasi hiper nasionalisme. Narasi ini memaksa Papua untuk tunduk pada Indonesia dan menuduh semua upaya untuk membela hak-hak warga Papua, serta protes terhadap rasisme dan diskriminasi yang mereka alami, sebagai “separatis”.  Pada akhirnya, pemblokiran internet ini adalah upaya untuk membungkam protes melawan rasisme dan diskriminasi terhadap warga Papua.

Pemblokiran Internet pada 2019

Pemblokiran internet di Papua dan Papua Barat bukanlah kali pertama bagi pemerintah Indonesia. Sepanjang 2019, Indonesia telah mengalami beberapa kali situasi pelambatan Internet, khususnya untuk mengakses layanan media sosial seperti Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, dan Instagram.

Setidaknya ada dua kejadian yang melatari diputusnya akses komunikasi melalui Internet di Papua dan Papua Barat dalam kurun waktu tersebut, yakni pengepungan Asrama Mahasiswa Papua di Surabaya dan tindakan rasis lain di Malang, dan meningkatnya ketegangan dalam aksi-aksi anti rasisme di Papua dan Papua Barat karena reaksi aparat keamanan.

Namun, dalam siaran persnya Kemkominfo maupun Sekretariat Kabinet [Setkab] RI, beralasan, blokir akses Internet adalah langkah menekan “penyebaran hoaks dan provokasi”.

Melalui Siaran Pers No. 106HM, Rudiantara yang menjabat Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika/Menkominfo RI saat itu menyatakan, pembatasan didasarkan pada UU ITE, yakni mengenai manajemen konten.

Kejadian ini dilatari pengumuman hasil Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Pengguna media sosial aktif Indonesia turut menyemarakkan protes warganet terhadap keputusan pemerintah.

Selanjutnya, dalam siaran pers 27 Mei 2019, Rudiantara menyebutkan tiga langkah yang dilakukan pemerintah, antara lain:

  1. Menutup akses tautan konten atau akun yang terindikasi menyebarkan hoaks
  2. Bekerja sama dengan penyedia platform digital untuk menutup akun
  3. Membatasi akses terhadap sebagian fitur platform digital atau berbagi file

Tak hanya melalui Kemenkominfo, Menteri Koordinator Bidang Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan Wiranto pun menyatakan telah membatasi akses media sosial untuk pengguna internet di Indonesia.

Setelah Putusan, Lalu Apa?

Seiring dukungan yang menguat terhadap penegakan HAM di Indonesia, ancaman terhadap pers dan pembela HAM meningkat.

Tindakan pelambatan dan pemblokiran internet di Papua dan Papua Barat ini selain mengancam salah satu pilar demokrasi, masih ditambah dengan tingginya nilai kerugian akibat pembatasan dan pemblokiran Internet di Papua dan Papua Barat, yakni sekitar Rp 2,6 Triliun.

Kemenangan Tim Pembela Kebebasan Pers adalah bukti konsistensi masyarakat sipil dan pers memperjuangkan hak-hak digital warga negara, khususnya dalam mengakses informasi dan hak atas rasa aman.

Menanggapi putusan ini, pemerintah Indonesia menyatakan bahwa mereka akan berkonsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan kuasa hukum dari pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, mari kita kawal putusan majelis hakim PTUN Jakarta, Rabu, 3 Juni 2020, yang menyatakan Menkominfo dan Presiden RI telah melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum dengan memperlambat dan memutus akses Internet di Papua dan Papua Barat pada Agustus dan September 2019.

About the Author

Artikel ini ditulis dan diedit oleh Fendi Widianto, Nikholas Borang, Pitra Hutomo, dan Kathleen Azali dari EngageMedia. Untuk mengetahui lebaih banyak cerita tentang Papua dan Papua Barat, silahkan kunjungi PapuanVoices.net.

The post Pemblokiran Internet di Papua dan Papua Barat vs Kelanjutan Putusan Majelis Hakim PTUN Jakarta appeared first on Coconet.

]]> https://coconet.social/2020/papua-pemblokiran-internet-indonesia/feed/ 0 Monitoring the ruling vs 2019 internet shutdowns in Papua and West Papua https://coconet.social/2020/papua-internet-shutdown-indonesia/ https://coconet.social/2020/papua-internet-shutdown-indonesia/#comments Fri, 12 Jun 2020 06:01:03 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1475 Earlier this month, the Jakarta State Administrative Court declared as illegal the internet shutdowns in Papua and West Papua enforced by the Indonesian government in 2019. The case on the month-long shutdown, from August 19 to September 28 last year, was filed by a coalition of civil society groups working in Southeast Asia. The victory of the Press Freedom Defender Team over the lawsuit against the Minister of Communication and Information and the President of the Republic of Indonesia, is a good example of how citizens can respond to government’s unlawful management of public communication infrastructure like the Internet.

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“Why was our Internet connection shut down? (edited)” Screengrab from the video “The Internet Shutdown in Papua”  by West Papuan Updates, used with permission.

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Earlier this month, the Jakarta State Administrative Court declared as illegal the internet shutdowns in Papua and West Papua enforced by the Indonesian government in 2019. The case on the month-long shutdown, from August 19 to September 28 last year, was filed by a coalition of civil society groups working in Southeast Asia. Part of the coalition is SAFEnet, which was present at the Coconet digital rights camp.

The victory of the Press Freedom Defender Team over the lawsuit against the Minister of Communication and Information and the President of the Republic of Indonesia, is a good example of how citizens can respond to government’s unlawful management of public communication infrastructure like the Internet. The long process, starting from the face-to-face meeting with the Ministry of Communication and Information, to creating an online petition, eventually had to be brought to a legal route. The Press Freedom Defenders Team includes SAFEnet, which was present at the second Coconet digital rights camp.

The ruling is also even more important in the context of debates in freedom of the press and freedom of expression in and about Papua are framed within the hyper-nationalism narrative of the status quo. After all, the shutdown was implemented to quell the protests against racism and discriminations of Papuans.

Internet bans in 2019

The internet shutdown in Papua and West Papua was not the only time the Indonesian government banned access to the internet. Throughout 2019, the Indonesian government implemented a number of internet throttling and blocking in the country – particularly in accessing social media services such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and Instagram.

In the case of Papua and West Papua, there were at least two incidents that laid the ground for Internet access restriction during this period. One is the siege of the Papuan Student in a dormitory in Surabaya and other racist acts in Malang, and the second is the increased tension in anti-racism demonstrations in Papua and West Papua, which was met with excessive force carried out by the security apparatus.

The Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Informatics and the Cabinet Secretary, in eleven press releases, stated that the Internet access blocking was a way to quell “the spread of hoax and provocations”.

This internet throttling was also preceded by a previous incident: On May 22, 2019, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics came out with a press release titled the “Throttling of Some Social Media and Instant Messaing Platforms”. The head of the ministry, Rudiantara, stated that the throttling was done based on the ITE (electronic information transaction) Law, specifically on content management.

This internet throttling was triggered by the announcement of the 2019 Presidential Election results in April 2019.

In another press release, Rudiantara outlined the three steps in which the Indonesian government implemented the throttling:

  1. Block access to content links or accounts that had been indicated to spread hoaxes
  2. Work closely with digital platform providers to close accounts
  3. Limit access to some digital platform features or file sharing

Aside from the Ministry of Communication & Informatics, the Coodinating Minister of Politics, Law and Security, Wiranto, also stated that the government had limited the access to social media to internet users in Indonesia.

A number of active social media users in the archipelago, reportedly reaching up to 150 million or 3/4 of the total population, expressed their protests against government decisions.

What’s next after the ruling?

As more support for human rights gains traction, threats towards the press and human rights defenders have also spiked.

The internet throttling in Papua and West Papua, which threatens one of the main pillars of democracy, is compounded by the high value of losses estimated to be around IDR 2.6 trillion (USD 184 million).

The ruling, a definite victory for the Press Freedom Defenders Team, demonstrates the persistence of civil society and the press in fighting for citizens’ digital rights, especially in accessing information and the right to security.

In response to the ruling, the Indonesian government stated that they will consult with the state legal team to decide the next step. But while the ruling has been made, let’s still monitor the Indonesian government’s response to their violation of the law.

About the Author

This article was written and edited by EngageMedia’s Fendi Widianto, Nikholas Borang, Pitra Hutomo, and Kathleen Azali. For more stories on Papua and West Papua, visit PapuanVoices.net.

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