COVID-19 – Coconet https://coconet.social A Platform for Digital Rights Movement Building in the Asia-Pacific Fri, 11 Dec 2020 06:54:49 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.8.1 https://coconet.social/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/favicon-150x150.png COVID-19 – Coconet https://coconet.social 32 32 Coconet Virtual Reunion: Reaffirming solidarity amid COVID-19 https://coconet.social/2020/coconet-reunion/ https://coconet.social/2020/coconet-reunion/#respond Thu, 03 Dec 2020 09:01:06 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=4283 Coconet community members reunited online on November 5, 2020, to collectively reflect on the pandemic's challenges not only to digital rights in the region but to civil society as a whole.

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Screenshot shared with permission from reunion attendees

 

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, it was never a surprise to see a fellow member of the Coconet community in a conference or project meeting anywhere around the globe. Community members, all former attendees of either the first or second Coconet digital rights camps, often had to travel, as networking is an integral part of mainstreaming digital rights and strengthening solidarity among civil society actors in the region.

The pandemic, however, has put a halt to that. And not only that — soliciting and showing solidarity has been challenging in light of webinar and virtual meeting fatigue, the abrupt migration to virtual systems, and prolonged confinement in our respective homes, among other reasons.

In spite of all this, Coconet members reunited online on November 5, 2020, to collectively reflect on the pandemic’s challenges to the community. The online reunion was an anniversary celebration for participants from both camps, as these were held in the last week of October in 2017 and 2019, respectively. It was also a chance for members to share updates on our countries and local movements.

Looking forward to the future

The two-hour virtual gathering was attended by members from Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

We jump-started the reunion by asking everyone to give one thing they were looking forward to in the future. Members’ responses were varied, from wishing for less cold winters to continuing to fight against companies with surveillance-based business models.

Still, the strongest hope for all was to see and bond with each other again in person. As activists, this hope is with the recognition that while we wait for physical interactions to happen again, we need to adapt and respond to the whole new set of challenges emphasised and unearthed by the pandemic. We also need to be ready to respond to how governments are taking advantage of the pandemic to increase state surveillance and stifle freedom of expression.

Members’ concerns amid the pandemic

Below are specific themes that were apparent over the course of the gathering:

Difficulty in migrating to virtual systems

While the members primarily belong to organisations working on digital rights, digital security, and internet freedom, some members still faced difficulties migrating to fully virtual systems due to the costs and inadequate time for orientation. Others also expressed concern about organisations opting for corporate tech products due to convenience, forgoing privacy concerns.

Privacy and security concerns over digital ID systems

In Taiwan, Nepal, and Indonesia, there is a stronger call for digitising national ID systems, but drafted implementing rules and regulations have had little to no provisions on data protection, privacy, and storage.

Elections and digital rights

In Myanmar, voting during the November 8 elections was cancelled in ethnic minority areas due to the pandemic. Polls were also closed in Rakhine and Chin states, where the longest internet shutdown in the world is ongoing and where the highest number of COVID-19 cases in the country have been recorded. These states are also in the middle of a civil war that has killed hundreds of civilians over the past two years. Protests against the shutdown and the civil war have led to activists being arrested and sentenced to jail. (Sign a joint statement here against the arrests.)

Vietnam and Malaysia will also be having their elections soon. Members said they will be sure to be on the lookout for digital rights violations, especially with the increase of hate speech and disinformation online during this time.

State attacks on media freedom and freedom of speech

In Cambodia, there is a crackdown of dissenters criticising the government’s relationship with China. There were reports of officials personally approaching journalists to take down articles that tackle China’s increasing role in Cambodia’s economy.

In the Philippines, the controversial Anti-Terrorism Law was passed in July 2020. The new law allows the state to tag any individual and group as alleged terrorists, and detain suspects for a maximum of 24 days,

In Thailand, the government had also attempted to ban four independent media outlets and a Facebook page from broadcasting, claiming that they “threaten national security”. The ban has since been lifted, but protests continue.

In Vietnam, Facebook is aiding the government to censor dissent. Users who post any sentiment against the state can also be jailed for a minimum of six years.

Attacks and surveillance during protests

In Indonesia, protests against the Omnibus Law, which weakens labour rights and environmental protection laws, erupted last month. Police were reported to have confiscated the phones and laptops of protesters, and have deployed upgraded surveillance planes in demonstration areas. Digital attacks, such as doxxing and an increase in anti-protest narratives, have also been on the rise.

In Thailand, activists and protesters are subjected to sexual harassment and hate speech online to invalidate their campaigns.

Together, we are never alone

At the end of the reunion, members left with a keen sense of commitment to continue working together despite the challenges in organising movements in the time of the pandemic. Threats to digital rights may have increased, but that only makes the need to strengthen the movement in the region all the more urgent and necessary.

Most importantly, we left the call with a renewed belief that we are never alone in this fight for digital rights because we are all part of this movement together.

 

About the Author

Dianne Olivan is the EngageMedia Program Officer and point person for the Coconet community.

If you or your organisation is a member of the Coconet community and need support, please do not hesitate to reach out to everyone via the community Mattermost. If you do not have access to it, please email at [email protected].

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วิถีการต่อต้านโดยคนรุ่นใหม่ในโลกออนไลน์: ขบวนการนักศึกษาไทยกับการเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองในยุคโควิด https://coconet.social/2020/thailand-student-online-activism-mobfromhome/ https://coconet.social/2020/thailand-student-online-activism-mobfromhome/#comments Thu, 18 Jun 2020 01:42:58 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1524 ความหวังที่จะเห็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมืองของไทยเริ่มเกิดขึ้นอีกครั้งในช่วงต้นปี 2563 จากการเคลื่อนไหวของคนรุ่นใหม่หลังศาลรัฐธรรมนูญวินิจฉัยยุบพรรคอนาคตใหม่เมื่อวันที่ 21 กุมภาพันธ์ ได้จุดไฟกระแสความไม่พอใจที่มีต่อรัฐบาลของ พล.อ.ประยุทธ์ จันทร์โอชา ที่ดำรงตำแหน่งนายกรัฐมนตรีมาตั้งแต่เหตุการณ์รัฐประหารปี 2557 จนนำไปสู่กระแสกิจกรรมแฟลชม็อบ (Flash mob) ที่ดำเนินไปเป็นไฟลามทุ่งโดยกลุ่มนักศึกษาในหลายสถาบันทั่วประเทศ จากสถิติของศูนย์ทนายความเพื่อสิทธิมนุษยชนที่บันทึกเหตุการณ์ช่วงระหว่างวันที่ 21 กุมภาพันธ์จนถึง 14 มีนาคม 2563 พบว่า มีการจัดกิจกรรมชุมนุมในลักษณะแฟลชม็อบ เพื่อเรียกร้องประชาธิปไตยและต่อต้านเผด็จการอย่างน้อย 79 ครั้งที่เกิดในพื้นที่มหาวิทยาลัยจากทั่วประเทศ

The post วิถีการต่อต้านโดยคนรุ่นใหม่ในโลกออนไลน์: ขบวนการนักศึกษาไทยกับการเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองในยุคโควิด appeared first on Coconet.

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Read this article in English | อ่านบทความนี้ใน ภาษาอังกฤษ

Thailand Online Protest

นักศึกษาจากหลายมหาวิทยาลัยและประชาชนออกมาชุมนุมแสดงความไม่พอใจต่อรัฐบาลที่มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ เมื่อวันที่ 29 ก.พ. 2563               ภาพถ่ายโดย: ชลธิชา แจ้งเร็ว

ความหวังที่จะเห็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมืองของไทยเริ่มเกิดขึ้นอีกครั้งในช่วงต้นปี 2563 จากการเคลื่อนไหวของคนรุ่นใหม่หลังศาลรัฐธรรมนูญวินิจฉัยยุบพรรคอนาคตใหม่เมื่อวันที่ 21 กุมภาพันธ์ ได้จุดไฟแห่งความไม่พอใจที่มีต่อรัฐบาลของ พล.อ.ประยุทธ์ จันทร์โอชา ที่ดำรงตำแหน่งนายกรัฐมนตรีมาตั้งแต่เหตุการณ์รัฐประหารปี 2557 จนนำไปสู่กระแสกิจกรรมแฟลชม็อบ (Flash mob) ที่ดำเนินไปเป็นไฟลามทุ่งโดยกลุ่มนักศึกษาในหลายสถาบันทั่วประเทศ จากสถิติของศูนย์ทนายความเพื่อสิทธิมนุษยชนที่บันทึกเหตุการณ์ช่วงระหว่างวันที่ 21 กุมภาพันธ์จนถึง 14 มีนาคม 2563 พบว่า มีการจัดกิจกรรมชุมนุมในลักษณะแฟลชม็อบ เพื่อเรียกร้องประชาธิปไตยและต่อต้านเผด็จการอย่างน้อย 79 ครั้งที่เกิดในพื้นที่มหาวิทยาลัยจากทั่วประเทศ

“คลื่นแห่งการชุมนุมทางการเมือง” ฉายให้เห็นความตื่นตัวทางการเมืองของคนรุ่นใหม่ จนอาจเรียกได้ว่าน่าจะเป็นปรากฏการณ์ “Youthquake” ครั้งใหม่อีกครั้งหนึ่งของการเมืองไทยในรอบหลายปีที่ผ่านมา ทำให้กลุ่มผู้ที่สนับสนุนประชาธิปไตยเริ่มมีหวังว่ากระแสครั้งนี้อาจจะยกระดับไปสู่การชุมนุมประท้วงขับไล่รัฐบาล – ก็เป็นได้

แต่แล้วการเกิดขึ้นของการแพร่ระบาดของโคโรนาไวรัส หรือโควิด-19 ก็ทำให้หลายกิจกรรมต้องหยุดชะงักเพื่อรักษาระยะห่างทางสังคม รวมไปถึงการชุมนุมประท้วงในโลกออฟไลน์ด้วย

ปรากฏการณ์ new normal กลายเป็นเงื่อนไขใหม่ให้ขบวนการเคลื่อนไหวทางสังคม (social movement) และภาคประชาสังคมไทยจำเป็นต้องปรับตัวให้ทัน เมื่อรัฐบาลไทยเลือกใช้กฎหมาย “ท่าไม้ตาย” ด้วยการประกาศใช้ พ.ร.ก.ฉุกเฉินฯ ทำให้การชุมนุมสาธารณะกลายเป็นสิ่งต้องห้าม และการเคลื่อนไหวบนโลกออนไลน์จึงกลายเป็นทางเลือกที่สำคัญของการเคลื่อนไหวของนักศึกษา แต่ขณะเดียวกันมาตรการควบคุมกิจกรรมบนโลกออนไลน์ของรัฐบาลก็เข้มข้นขึ้นภายใต้เงื่อนไขการควบคุมการแพร่ระบาดของโควิดด้วยเช่นกัน ส่งผลต่อการจำกัดเสรีภาพในการแสดงออกบนโลกออนไลน์ และล่าสุดกับความคืบหน้าของการตั้งกองบัญชาการปราบปรามการกระทำความผิดเกี่ยวกับอาชญากรรมทางเทคโนโลยี สังกัดสำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติ หรือเรียกว่า “ตำรวจไซเบอร์” ซึ่งอาจกลายเป็น “ตำรวจทางความคิด” ที่คอยสอดส่องประชาชนบนโลกออนไลน์

หนึ่งในเครื่องมือของรัฐคือ การทำงานของ “ศูนย์ต่อต้านข่าวปลอม” และการบังคับใช้กฎหมาย พ.ร.บ.คอมพิวเตอร์ฯ ซึ่งมักถูกนำมาใช้เป็นเครื่องมือปิดปากประชาชนที่มีความเห็นต่างจากรัฐ และใช้ควบคุมการเผยแพร่ข้อมูลข่าวสารของประชาชนในช่วงสถานการณ์โควิด เช่นในเมื่อเดือนมีนาคม 2563 นายดนัย อุศมา ศิลปินชาวภูเก็ตซึ่งถูกเจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจจับกุมแจ้งข้อกล่าวหาว่ามีการกระทำความผิด โดยการนำเข้าข้อมูลอันเป็นเท็จตาม พ.ร.บ.คอมพิวเตอร์ฯ หลังจากที่เขาโพสต์ข้อความว่าตนเองได้เดินทางกลับจากประเทศสเปนเข้าสู่ประเทศไทยผ่านทางสนามบินสุวรรณภูมิซึ่งไม่มีการคัดกรองตรวจผู้โดยสารที่มีโอกาสติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด-19

กระแสความไม่พอใจต่อรัฐบาลกลายเป็นกระแสไฟที่โหมหนักต่อเนื่อง หลังจากเกิดเหตุการอุ้มหายของนายวันเฉลิม สัตย์ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ ผู้ลี้ภัยไทยในกัมพูชาเมื่อวันที่ 4 มิถุนายนที่ผ่านมา ทำให้ #SaveWanchalearm มีการรีทวีตกว่า 400,000 ครั้งภายหลังการหายตัวไปของเขา ขณะที่ผู้คนที่ออกมาร่วมการแสดงสัญลักษณ์เรียกร้องความเป็นธรรมในโลกออฟไลน์กลับได้รับหมายเรียกจากเจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจให้เข้ารับทราบข้อกล่าวหาฝ่าฝืน พ.ร.ก.ฉุกเฉินฯ

แต่ไม่ว่าต้องเผชิญความท้าทายในการเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองอย่างไร นั่นก็ไม่ได้ทำให้การแสดงออกความไม่พอใจที่มีต่อรัฐบาลจะเงียบหายไปในยุคโควิค เมื่อการชุมนุมบนท้องถนนยังถูกจำกัด “การประท้วงออนไลน์” จึงส่งเสียงดังขึ้นและร้อนแรงกว่าที่เคยเป็นมา

# แฮชแท็กการเมือง: กระแส “แฟลชม็อบออนไลน์” ในทวิตภพ

ที่ผ่านมา หากเราพูดถึงการชุมนุม ก็มักจะเห็นภาพการมารวมตัวกันของผู้คนในสถานที่ต่างๆ แต่เมื่อเข้าสู่ยุคที่มีการแพร่ระบาดของโควิด รูปแบบการประท้วงแบบแฟลชม็อบจึงย้ายมาอยู่ในแพลตฟอร์มออนไลน์แทน

ทวิตเตอร์ กลายเป็นพื้นที่สำคัญแห่งการใช้เสรีภาพในการแสดงออกของกลุ่มคนรุ่นใหม่ เพื่อสะท้อนความคิดเห็นที่มีต่อประเด็นทางการเมืองในวันที่พื้นที่สาธารณะอื่นถูกปิดกั้น ด้วยลักษณะเฉพาะตัวของแพลตฟอร์มทวิตเตอร์ที่ผู้ใช้สามารถเป็นเจ้าของได้หลายแอคเค้าท์ ต้นทุนในการใช้ต่ำ และให้ความรู้สึกของการเป็น “นิรนาม” มากกว่าแพลตฟอร์มกระแสหลักอื่นในประเทศไทย ทำให้ตอบโจทย์กลุ่มคนรุ่นใหม่ที่ต้องการแสดงออกความคิดเห็นในประเด็นอ่อนไหวและสุ่มเสี่ยงที่จะพูดได้ในบริบทประเทศไทย

“ทวิตภพ” จึงกลายเป็นพื้นที่ใหม่ของการต่อสู้ทางความคิดที่เปิดโอกาสให้กลุ่มผู้ใช้งานได้แสดงความคิดเห็นในหลายประเด็นและบางประเด็นแทบจะไม่เคยได้ปรากฏหรือพูดถึงในพื้นที่สาธารณะอื่นมาก่อนในเมืองไทย

การใช้แฮชแท็ก # เป็นหนึ่งในฟังก์ชั่นสำคัญที่ถูกนำมาใช้สร้างพื้นที่การชุมนุมออนไลน์ เพราะช่วยให้การแลกเปลี่ยนความคิดเห็นทางการเมืองและการรวมตัวของกลุ่มคนที่คิดเห็นคล้ายกันนั้นเป็นไปได้ง่ายขึ้น หนึ่งในข้อสังเกตที่พบคือ สิ่งที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปในยุคแห่งความขัดแย้งทางการเมืองไทยในรอบสิบปีที่ผ่านมา คือการพูดคุยประเด็นทางการเมืองกลายเป็นเรื่องกระแสหลักในปัจจุบัน กลุ่มคนรุ่นใหม่ออกมาแสดงออกทางการเมืองมากขึ้น และแฮชแท็กว่าด้วยประเด็นการเมืองและความเป็นไม่ธรรมในสังคมพุ่งติดเทรนด์ยอดนิยมอันดับหนึ่งหลายเรื่องในช่วงปีที่ผ่านมา

หนึ่งในกระแสแฮชแท็กที่สำคัญในช่วงสถานการณ์โควิด-19 คือ กระแส #nnevvy ที่ติดเทรนด์ทวิตเตอร์อันดับหนึ่งของไทยและกลายเป็นกระแสดราม่าระหว่างประเทศไปแล้ว หลังจากนักแสดงหนุ่มไทย วชิรวิชญ์ ชีวอารี หรือ “ไบร์ท” จากซีรีส์เพราะเราคู่กัน 2gether The Series ที่กำลังโด่งดังในประเทศจีนได้รีทวีตโพสต์หนึ่ง พร้อมแคปชันที่เรียกฮ่องกงว่า “ประเทศ” ส่งผลให้แฟนคลับจีนรุมแสดงความคิดเห็นโจมตีไบร์ท แต่กระแสโต้กลับโดยชาวทวิตเตอร์ไทยได้ออกมาปกป้องและโต้เถียงกับคนจีน จนขยายไปสู่กลุ่มผู้ใช้ทวิตเตอร์ชาวฮ่องกงและไต้หวัน จนกลายเป็นวลี “พันธมิตรชานม” #MilkTeaAlliance #ชานมเข้มข้นกว่าเลือด ขยายประเด็นสู่การถกเถียงเรื่องการเมืองการปกครองภายในประเทศ

Reuters ระบุถึงประเด็นแฮชแท็กนี้ทำให้กลุ่มสนับสนุนประชาธิปไตยจับมือกันร่วมต่อต้านนักรบไซเบอร์ที่สนับสนุนรัฐบาลจีน ขณะที่ทาง “โจชัว หว่อง” นักเคลื่อนไหวเพื่อประชาธิปไตยชาวฮ่องกง โพสต์ภาพถ่ายซีรีย์ของนักแสดงหนุ่มพร้อมข้อความว่า ฮ่องกงยืนเคียงข้างเพื่อนชาวไทยผู้รักในเสรีภาพ ต่อต้านการรังแกจากจีน และตั้งความหวังถึงขั้นสร้างพันธมิตรในเอเชียเพื่อต่อต้านลัทธิเผด็จการ

ในช่วงสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดโควิดและอำนาจของ พ.ร.ก.ฉุกเฉิน ได้จำกัดการจัดกิจกรรมต่างๆ และบรรยากาศการรวมตัวชุมนุมของนักศึกษาจึงได้ชะลอตัวไป ทำให้ทางฝั่งสหภาพนักเรียน นิสิต นักศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย (สนท.) เสนอไอเดียแคมเปญออนไลน์เชิญชวนคนไทยให้ร่วมกัน “ประท้วงจากบ้าน” ด้วยการแชร์ภาพหรือถือป้ายข้อความแสดงความรู้สึกไม่พอใจที่มีต่อการทำงานของรัฐบาล พร้อมติดแฮชแท็ก #MobFromHome จนแฮชแท็กนี้ขึ้นติดเทรนด์อันดับหนึ่งในทวิตเตอร์ประเทศไทย

จากการชวนตั้งแฮชแท็กเพื่อสื่อสารถึงประะเด็นทางการเมืองและรวมไปถึงบางประเด็นที่อ่อนไหวได้กลายเป็นกระแสหลักเพื่อแสดงพลังการแสดงออกแบบรวมหมู่ (collective action) และบางแฮชแท็กในทวิตเตอร์ใด้กลายเป็นประเด็นถกเถียงอย่างร้อนแรงในแบบที่ไม่เคยเกิดขึ้นมาก่อนในประเทศไทย

นอกจากการใช้ # ในการสร้างพื้นที่ชุมนุมออนไลน์แล้วนั้น อีกวิธีการหนึ่งที่สังเกตเห็นจากปรากฏการณ์ของคำว่า “ทัวร์ลง” มักจะถูกหยิบยกมาอธิบายรูปแบบกิจกรรมออนไลน์ที่เชิญชวนผู้ติดตามในแอคเค้าท์ของตน เข้าไปรุมแสดงความคิดเห็นหรือวิพากษ์วิจารณ์โพสต์นั้นๆ เพราะเมื่อฝ่ายรัฐบาลมีทีมหน่วยปฏิบัติการข่าวสาร หรือ Information Operation (IO) คอยจับตาและมุ่งแสดงความคิดเห็นโจมตีกลุ่มผู้ที่เห็นต่างจากรัฐบาล ฝ่ายนักกิจกรรมประชาธิปไตยก็จำเป็นต้องพยายามหายุทธวิธีต่างๆ ในลักษณะ “ทัวร์ลง” เพื่อเรียกระดมแนวร่วมสาธารณะให้ไปช่วยกันโต้กลับด้วยข้อมูลในโพสต์นั้นๆ

นิสิตจากมหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ ประสานมิตร จัดกิจกรรมแฟลชม็อบแสดงออกทางการเมืองเมื่อวันที่ 26 ก.พ. 2563 ภาพถ่ายโดย: ชลธิชา แจ้งเร็ว

 

เมื่อ ‘ความเป็นส่วนตัว’ เป็นเทรนด์ของคนรุ่นใหม่ แพลตฟอร์มไหนจะตอบโจทย์ขบวนการเคลื่อนไหว

เมื่อทวิตเตอร์กลายเป็นพื้นที่ทำกิจกรรมทางสังคมออนไลน์ที่ได้รับความนิยมมากขึ้นในประเทศไทย และได้มีความเคลื่อนไหวสำคัญเกิดขึ้นคือเมื่อวันที่ 13 พฤษภาคมที่ผ่านมา หลังจากการประกาศเปิดตัวบัญชีทางการของ “ทวิตเตอร์ประจำประเทศไทย” หรือ @TwitterThailand ด้วยข้อความ “สวัสดีครับ ประเทศไทย!” ต่อมาไม่นานเมื่อทวิตเตอร์ได้ประกาศเปลี่ยนแปลงนโยบายความเป็นส่วนตัวเมื่อวันที่ 19 พฤษภาคม เพื่อแจ้งเรื่องการแชร์ข้อมูลของผู้ใช้งานให้กับ “พาร์ทเนอร์” โดยจะมีการแชร์ข้อมูลระดับอุปกรณ์ของผู้ใช้ คือ IP address เพื่อปรับปรุงพัฒนาโฆษณาให้เหมาะกับผู้ใช้มากขึ้น

จากความเคลื่อนไหวดังกล่าว จึงตามมาด้วยกระแสต่อต้านผ่านแฮชแท็ก #ไม่เอาทวิตเตอร์ไทยแลนด์ (#NoTwitterThailand) ขึ้นเทรนด์อันดับหนึ่ง เพราะชาวทวิตเตอร์ไทยได้ตั้งข้อสังเกตว่า นี่อาจเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการสอดส่องพฤติกรรมประชาชนและควบคุมเสรีภาพในการแสดงออกของประชาชนบนโลกออนไลน์โดยรัฐบาลไทย หลังจากนายพุทธิพงษ์ ปุณณกันต์ รมว.กระทรวงดิจิทัลเพื่อเศรษฐกิจและสังคม ได้ทวีตข้อความว่า ตนเพิ่งได้หารือกับผู้บริหารของทวิตเตอร์ประจำสิงคโปร์ ในประเด็นการต่อต้านข่าวปลอมและเนื้อหาที่มีความรุนแรง เป็นเหตุให้กลุ่มผู้ใช้งานส่วนหนึ่งแสดงความไม่ไว้ใจต่อการทำงานของทวิตเตอร์ที่อาจจะไม่ได้ให้หลักประกันทั้งเรื่อง “ความเป็นส่วนตัว” และ “ความปลอดภัย” แก่ผู้ใช้งานในประเทศไทยได้

ประเด็นดังกล่าวได้เป็นเหตุให้ผู้ใช้งานทวิตเตอร์บางกลุ่มเริ่มชักชวนกันย้ายไปใช้งาน “แพลตฟอร์มทางเลือก” ที่เป็นโอเพนซอร์ซอย่างเช่น “Minds” ที่เน้นเรื่องความเป็นส่วนตัวและและเสรีภาพบนโลกอินเตอร์เน็ต เช่นเดียวกับสฤณี อาชวานันทกุล ได้ทวีตข้อความ “ลาก่อนทวิตเตอร์ ไปเจอกันที่ Minds” ล่าสุดทางแพลตฟอร์ม Minds ได้ออกมาประกาศว่า ตอนนี้ได้รองรับการใช้งานภาษาไทยเรียบร้อยแล้ว

เมื่อเกิดกระแสความไม่ไว้ใจทวิตเตอร์ จึงชวนให้คิดต่อว่า แล้วรูปแบบของการเคลื่อนไหวทางสังคมผ่านแพลตฟอร์มออนไลน์ในอนาคตจะเป็นอย่างไร เมื่อกลุ่มคนรุ่นใหม่เริ่มให้ความสำคัญกับความเป็นส่วนตัวและความปลอดภัยของการใช้งานแพลตฟอร์ม ขณะเดียวกันเงื่อนไขของการขับเคลื่อนทางสังคมจำเป็นต้องอาศัยโซเชียลเน็ตเวิร์คที่มีผู้ใช้จำนวนมากพอจะส่งเสียงให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงขึ้น และคำถามที่เป็นโจทย์ใหญ่กว่านั้นคือ รูปแบบการจัดกิจกรรมแฟลชม็อบ หรือลักษณะการชุมนุมแบบไม่ยืดเยื้อ ทั้งในโลกออฟไลน์และออนไลน์ จะนำไปสู่การขับเคลื่อนประเด็นทางสังคมที่มีอยู่อย่างหลากหลายได้อย่างไร เพื่อผลักดันไปสู่ความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่พวกเราฝันไว้

อาจจะเป็นคำถามที่ตอบยากด้วยคนเพียงกลุ่มเดียวในสังคม แต่คำตอบที่เห็นชัดแล้วคือ “กลุ่มคนรุ่นใหม่ได้ตื่นตัวทางการเมืองแล้ว” ในฐานะพลังสำคัญที่น่าจับตามอง อยู่ที่ว่าหลังจากนี้ เราจะกำหนดทิศทางการเคลื่อนไหวเพื่อผลักดันความตื่นตัวในรูปแบบที่เป็นอยู่ จนนำไปสู่การเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมืองเชิงโครงสร้างโดยรวมให้สำเร็จได้อย่างไร

About the Author

ชลธิชา แจ้งเร็ว (ลูกเกด) ผู้ร่วมก่อตั้งกลุ่มฟื้นฟูประชาธิปไตย (DRG) เธอเป็นนักกิจกรรมด้านประชาธิปไตยและสิทธิมนุษยชน โดยเริ่มทำงานเพื่อส่งเสริมเสรีภาพในการแสดงออกและเสรีภาพในการชุมนุมในประเทศไทยตั้งแต่ภายหลังการทำรัฐประหารของคณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติ (คสช.) 2557

The post วิถีการต่อต้านโดยคนรุ่นใหม่ในโลกออนไลน์: ขบวนการนักศึกษาไทยกับการเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองในยุคโควิด appeared first on Coconet.

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Thai student protesters in the time of COVID-19: New generation, new forms of resistance online https://coconet.social/2020/thailand-student-online-activism-covid/ https://coconet.social/2020/thailand-student-online-activism-covid/#comments Wed, 17 Jun 2020 11:35:53 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1516 Hope for political change in Thailand has grown stronger in 2020 after a wave of student protests across the country followed the constitutional court’s dissolution of the opposition Future Forward Party. This wave of protests, dubbed the “youthquake” phenomenon, is reflective of the political awareness among the Thai youth. Despite the ban on public assembly, the youth have taken to platforms online and offline to vent out their frustrations. Online, however, the Thai youth continue to protest, using social media to voice out their criticisms against the government.

The post Thai student protesters in the time of COVID-19: New generation, new forms of resistance online appeared first on Coconet.

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Read this article in Thai | อ่านบทความนี้ใน ภาษาไทย

Thailand Online Protest
Students light their mobile phones during a protest against the government at Kasetsart University on February 29, 2020. Photo by Chonthicha Jangrew.

Hope for political change in Thailand has grown stronger in 2020 after a wave of student protests across the country followed the constitutional court’s dissolution of the opposition Future Forward Party. This decision sparked flash mobs against the long tenure of Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha and his authoritarian regime, which has been in power since 2014. Between February 21 to March 14, 2020, there were at least 79 flash mobs in universities, according to the Thai Lawyers for Human Rights (TLHR).

This wave of protests, dubbed the “youthquake” phenomenon, is reflective of the political awareness among the Thai youth. With the youth on their side, pro-democracy groups saw the possibility that the pro-military government could be ousted.

But then came COVID-19. Student movements and physical protests were forced to suspend. The new normal became a condition that impedes social movements. Thai civil society was only starting to adapt when the Thai government hit the movement with more damning blows: the emergency decree that prohibits public assembly, meaning activism had to be practiced online instead. Thai authorities have also been taking an active role in monitoring online activities with using other measures amid the COVID-19 crisis that hamper freedom of expression online.

On top of these measures, the government’s Anti-Fake News Center (or, as critics call it, the “Fake News Center”) has also been criticised for its restrictions on rights to freedom of expression rather than dealing with disinformation. In the time of COVID-19, the centre is known to censor information and criticism against the government’s management of the pandemic. It has even pressed charges against citizens critical of the government; Danai Ussama, an artist from Phuket, was arrested by police under the Computer Crimes Act after he posted on an online platform that there was no screening of COVID-19 at the Suvarnabhumi airport after he got back from Spain in March 2020.

These measures are just some of the challenges for social movement in the time of COVID-19, especially on disseminating information to citizens. But dissent against the pro-military government does not and has not stopped in the time of COVID-19. In fact, the June 4 disappearance of political exile Wanchalerm Satsaksit in Cambodia reignited protests against the pro-military government, with more than 400,000 retweets of the hashtag #SaveWanchalearm just one day later.

Despite the ban on public assembly, the youth have taken to platforms online and offline to vent out their frustrations, even if those who participated in protests have been summoned by the police on Emergency Decree charges. Online, however, the Thai youth continue to protest, using social media to voice out their criticisms against the government.

Hashtag activism and flash mobs on Twitter

Previously, a protest consisted of people gathering in physical, public places. But when this became an impossibility in the time of coronavirus, the flash mobs assembled instead on online platforms.

Twitter has become the space for freedom of expression in Thailand. It has become a platform for blooming political awareness while other spaces are restricted. On Twitter, a user can have many accounts and is afforded a sense of “anonymity” as compared to other social media platforms. Twitter responds to the needs of new Thai generation who want to discuss sensitive political issues and has opened up a space for political disparagement of issues that have been rare to be discussed and have never publicly manifested in any public space in Thailand before.

The use of hashtags (#) is a meaningful function used to rally together people because it allows users to gather and exchange issues on their interests. Over the past ten years of Thailand’s political conflict, the exchange of political opinions – especially online – has only increased. The youth consider political expression as the norm, and in the past year, many hashtags on politics and injustice issues were among the top trending topics on Twitter in Thailand.

One of the viral hashtags during COVID-19 is the hashtag #nnevy, when Thai Twitter users sparked a war against Chinese nationalist trolls and created “a new pan-Asian solidarity”. This happened after Chinese fans of Thai actor, Vachirawit Chivaaree, or “Bright” from the 2gether the Series, retweeted a tweet that called Hong Kong a “country.” Thai Twitter users retaliated against the online attacks on Chivaaree. Soon after, Twitter users from Hong Kong and Taiwan also defended the actor and the tweet, which led to the popular hashtags #MilkTeaAlliance and a Thai equivalent that translates to #MilkTeaIsThickerThanBlood. Reuters called this hashtag incident as an alliance between the pro-democracy camps against the pro-China cyber fighters. Even Joshua Wong, the Hong Kong pro-democracy activist, posted a photo of the actor with a message that Hong Kong was standing with the Thais who loved liberty and standing against the persecution by China. He even hoped for the building of an Asian alliance against dictatorship.

During the pandemic, together with the authority of the emergency decree, activities are restricted, and the student protests are postponed. The Student Union of Thailand then came up with an online campaign to “protest from home” by sharing photos or placards commenting on the government’s administration, with the hashtag #MobFromHome. And the hashtag topped the Twitter trend in Thailand. Recent twitter hashtags have also been employed to express sensitive political opinions. As a result, sensitive political issues have become something publicly discussed on Twitter. Hashtags, therefore, have become a form of collective action.

Apart from using hashtags, pro-democracy activists online have also adapted a strategy called “bombardment”, or “ทัวร์ลง”, in which a user asks other users to collectively criticise a problematic post. In Thailand, this kind of online public mobilisation has been used against the government’s Information Operation (IO) that continue to monitor dissidents and critics.

Students gathered at a pro-democracy rally against at Srinakharinwirot University in Bangkok on February 26, 2020. Photo by Chonthicha Jangrew.

Achieving ‘critical mass’ on alternative online platforms

Twitter, as previously mentioned, was the platform of choice for critics of the current regime to voice out their dissent. But on May 13, 2020, the official Thailand Twitter account @TwitterThailand was created with tweeting its first message, “Sawasdee khrap, Thailand” (Hello, Thailand!). On May 19, Twitter announced the update of its privacy policy to share users’ activities and IP addresses with “partners” to enhance its targeted advertisement.

Following these updates, #NoTwitterThailand topped the country’s trending page because Thais saw this as part of the government’s surveillance and the restriction of freedom of expression online. More users also began to doubt the security and privacy of the platform after Buddhipongse Punnakanta, the Minister of Digital Economy and Society tweeted about his recent discussion with Singapore’s Twitter executive on fake and violent news.

Aside from the trending hashtag, Thai Twitter users also encouraged others to stop using Twitter and move to “alternative platforms” that are open-source and decentralised. One popular alternative platform is “Minds”, especially after a co-founder of Thai Netizen, Sarinee Achavanuntakul tweeted, “Say goodbye to Twitter and meet at Minds.” Minds has also already installed the Thai language to accommodate Thai users.

This newer distrust of Twitter also poses open questions for the future and effectivity of online activism. Will enough Thai users flock to social media alternatives to reach critical mass, and therefore enact concrete social change? How do we continue to talk about diverse issues in online social movements? And, how do we transform awareness into the change we dream to see?

There are no easy answers to these questions. But in the case of Thailand, we have and continue to witness “youthquake” and increased political awareness among Thai students, seen as the new hope for political change. We also continue to witness how the open spaces online have led to more critical discourse against the government – and even more people who have changed their minds after seeing how the government has treated disinformation during the pandemic. What happens next, however, is up to us, the new generation, to determine.

About the Author

Chonthicha Jangrew (Lookkate) is a co-founder of the Democracy Restoration Group (DRG), a Thai pro-democracy and human rights activist. She has been advocating for freedom of expression and freedom of public assembly in Thailand since the 2014 coup.

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Singing about global issues – and COVID-19 – with the Marapu community https://coconet.social/2020/indonesia-marapu-song/ https://coconet.social/2020/indonesia-marapu-song/#comments Thu, 21 May 2020 08:18:06 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1417 Songs in the local language of the Marapu community in East Sumba, Indonesia, have become a bridge for the Marapu community to directly communicate and receive information and relevant health recommendations from the World Health Organisation and national and local governments in a culturally familiar and appropriate context.

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Amid the current COVID-19 pandemic, health recommendations need to be conveyed to communities in remote areas that are separated both by distance and by the minority languages they speak. One medium that can be used to convey public messages is through song. If dissemination takes into account local culture, language and context, it is more likely the message will reach the target audience.

Using songs as a communication platform to raise people’s awareness about issues has been a method often employed by the Indonesian government. For instance, songs about the importance of personal hygiene and health, songs about the importance of vaccinations and the danger of illegal drugs have been effectively disseminated to the public in the past.

Indonesia is one of the most multi-lingual nations in the world, with over 700 languages (almost half of which are now considered endangered). Songs sung in the national Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia) are not effective in reaching communities where it is not the first language or commonly spoken or understood by the community. Songs that convey a message from the government need to be able to speak to each community in their own local language with consideration to their own local cultural context, using a bottom-up culturally appropriate approach, rather than a top-down blanket nationalistic approach.

This bottom-up strategy can have other positive effects, such as finding contemporary contexts for existing traditional local cultural forms of expression. If this method is supported by central governments it can encourage, facilitate and empower local traditional cultures to be adaptive and rapidly respond to current national/global issues according to their own language and unique cultural context.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been challenging to widely disseminate health recommendations, particularly to very remote areas. However, this has become an opportunity for Jekshon, a young Marapu man, to meet the challenge by using Sumbanese traditional songs in the Kambera language. Jekshon is not only a singer-songwriter, but also a ritual speaker (wunang), a crafter of traditional musical instruments, and a builder and farmer from Kamanggih in East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Jekshon thus created a song called “Rimanya na wiki nda” to encourage people, especially in East Sumba, to fight against COVID-19 collectively, by avoiding large crowds, staying home, and practicing personal hygiene. As a result, Jekshon has been invited by local government leaders to perform the song at several official government events and also at local health clinics/hospitals.

Here are some lyrics from Jekshon’s song:

Ai kupanawa yia kata ana mbawa mangganya ni na ana nduma lurinda a ai

E ngiara ningu angu nama wandata lamambabu angu dedi dangunggu a ai

A ai ambu eti nu katundu njarangu angu ta ana mangganya na nduma luri kinda angu kana rehi napa hangganda a ai

Kata nguduwa la umakinda angu

Kata maranawa lapa baha lima kinda angu kata mangganya ni na anna nduma luri a ai

I sing to this song so we all will take care, to protect our lives

If someone invites us to an event with a large gathering of people, my brothers and sisters

It is a mistake to attend, because we need to protect each other’s lives during this time

Let’s just stay at home

Let’s diligently wash our hands to protect our health and lives

Cultural sustainability through songs

Supporting and sustaining local cultures in a country as diverse as Indonesia is vital for many reasons including, but not limited to, the following examples: It can renew confidence in marginalised minority communities, it can create opportunities for culturally responsible and sustainable tourism, and it can be readily integrated into educational programs to encourage the inter-generational transmission of cultural knowledge.

Sumba Integrated Development (SIDe) is one of the organisations in the Indonesia Inklusi Learning Network, which has initiated a VOICE Empowerment project for the Marapu community in East Sumba. Their project aims to work in collaboration with the Marapu community to organise workshops and local performance events. Their aim is to:

  • Showcase and celebrate the talents and cultural richness of East Sumba
  • Create initiatives to revitalise endangered forms of music
  • Facilitate the inter-generational transmission of cultural knowledge
  • Commission performances for film/audio documentation of songs now only known by the oldest generation
  • Publish songbooks
  • Build community-run archives
  • Commission and distribute traditional music instruments

Indonesia Rimanya na widi nda song
Jungga, a traditional Sumbanese musical instrument. Photo by Joseph Lamont for SIDe.

Women’s representation is one of the priorities of SIDe’s Marapu community project. This project requires equal participation from women, in a field of traditional music which is generally male-dominated, under the guidance of Ata Ratu. Ata Ratu is one of East Sumba’s most beloved female role models and most talented singer-songwriters, and as such, has been appointed by VOICE as a community facilitator for the areas in East Sumba supported by the program.

Younger Marapu girls are supported and guided by Ata Ratu and the female Marapu elders to transfer knowledge about song and dance in order to sustain Marapu traditions. Women’s participation, as an embodiment of gender equity, and inclusivity is critical to the community

Aligning with the vision of Indonesia Inklusi network, SIDe holds the ethical principle of “first voice” to ensure the cultural bearers are empowered and actively collaborate or guide the activities of the program. All the Marapu songs recorded are published using the local language (Kambera) along with Indonesia and English language translations. This is to help to amplify the voices, stories, songs, and the rich culture of the East Sumbanese Marapu community to many other places in the Indonesian and English speaking world.

Like Jekshon, Ata Ratu has also written a song about another important aspect of this pandemic: the inability of stranded populations of migrant workers to return to their home villages because of the travel restrictions due to COVID-19. Ata Ratu directs her song “Mbawa Rimangu na annanduma luri mu to the diaspora of Sumbanese people who have left Sumba to look for work or study opportunities in Bali, Jakarta and Jogjakarta, but can no longer return to Sumba because of the travel restrictions. Many of these Sumbanese people have lost their jobs and are experiencing economic hardship and psychological stress from this situation.

Here are some lyrics from Ata Ratu’s song:

Aiha dama ni dunjaka angu la kota bali a ai.e angu la jakarta angu ni

Ai hali nggunya nu mi ana mbawa rimangu nu ha ba ninggai ha la tana tau ma aka nu

Ai ninda la hidu eti biaka nu bata pamalirungu nu ha rimanya na nduma luri amu ka

Ai ambu mbawa luangga mai dupa nu ha jiaka ningu nu lambabu ndapngu

My friends who are in Bali and in Jakarta

I remember you all and urge that you be careful when travelling, as you are in the land of another people where there is a dangerous situation my friends

We are in a state of heartache because we are far apart, please take care of yourself

Don’t go back and forth in a place where there is a large crowd

Songs as bridges in the time of COVID-19

In the East Sumbanese Marapu community, songs are written in traditional poetic couplets called Lawiti. Lawiti comes from the fast-paced ritual speech spoken by priests and ritual speakers (wunang) that accompany all Marapu ritual in Sumba. Sumbanese songwriters, like Jekshon and Ata Ratu, improvise by stringing together appropriate successions of Lawiti spontaneously in line with the specific purpose of a song.

Songs are a common and appropriate medium to disseminate information in the Marapu community. By presenting the current COVID-19 issue to the local community through the medium of the traditional folk song, both Ata Ratu and Jekshon have created a new contemporary context for the traditional songs that is relevant to protecting the health and wellbeing of the East Sumbanese Marapu community and diaspora during this pandemic.

Jekshon’s song was released through his YouTube channel with help from SIDe. Since then, his video has been viewed more than 700 times in both English and Indonesian translations. Ata Ratu’s song has been viewed over 400 times in 24 hours on her YouTube Channel. These songs have both been distributed from handphone to handphone via Bluetooth sharing, or ‘share it’  (a filesharing application). The audio has been downloaded from YouTube and is being played on the public address systems of local markets around East Sumba. SIDe are also distributing the song via mini SD cards (for handphones)  and flash disks at local market hubs.

“Rimanya na widi ndaand “Mbawa Rimangu na annanduma luri mu” have both become a bridge for the Marapu community to directly communicate and receive information and relevant health recommendations from the World Health Organisation and national and local governments in a culturally familiar and appropriate context. These songs show that traditional local culture is an effective medium to communicate current global and domestic issues to minority language communities or any marginalised groups.

About the Authors

Fendi Widianto of EngageMedia is a communication enthusiast who is motivated and dedicated to community development, creative participatory development for vulnerable groups (including disability groups and disadvantage children), and youth empowerment.

Joseph Lamont is an Australian producer, composer and film documenter. Joseph has recently assisted projects supported by the Ciptamedia/Ford Foundation and Voice concerned with supporting female traditional musicians and documenting and sustaining Marapu traditional music in East Sumba, Indonesia.

This article is inspired by stories and knowledge from Jekshon and Kahi Ata Ratu.

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World Press Freedom Day: How can civil society support journalists? https://coconet.social/2020/press-freedom-civil-society/ https://coconet.social/2020/press-freedom-civil-society/#respond Sun, 03 May 2020 07:34:42 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1323 May 3 marks World Press Freedom Day, a day to commemorate the importance of freedom of the press. This year's theme, "journalism without fear or favour", is particularly apt considering the world today, when reporting on the coronavirus has become "the new scapegoat for media censorship".

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May 3 marks World Press Freedom Day, a day to commemorate the importance of freedom of the press.

This year’s theme, “journalism without fear or favour“, is particularly apt considering the world today, when reporting on the coronavirus has become “the new scapegoat for media censorship“. Around the world, journalists have gone missing or have been arrested for reporting on COVID-19 and government responses to the pandemic. On top of these events, journalists are also combatting the equally contagious infodemic and governments’ strategy of media capture to stifle editorial independence.

Despite new challenges in covering issues of public interest during the pandemic, journalists continue to persevere in reporting news that matters, without fear or favour, by adapting to the “new normal” through using more digital means to pursue leads and stories. They press on despite attacks on press freedom, harassment, scarce access to government information, and other challenges. With this, support and advocacy related to journalists and media freedom should be sustained during and after the pandemic.

In celebration of World Press Freedom Day, we shine the spotlight on the Coconet community’s journalists and media workers who are working in the Asia-Pacific.  We asked them to respond to one question, so that we in civil society can help them continue their work without fear or favour.

How can civil society support journalists to continue reporting without fear or favour, especially in the time of COVID-19?

Vicheika Kann, a journalist with Voice of America Cambodia and vice president of Cambodian Journalists Alliance, stresses the importance of advocating for journalists. “Civil society is a group of people who always stay behind journalists to report the sensitive stories without fear or favour. They have advocated for journalists rights and the truth for society. Especially the truth about COVID-19 epidemic.”

Zevonia Vieira, a journalist with Tafara.tl and president of the Timor-Leste Journalist Association, echoes Vicheika’s sentiments. Civil society, she says, should be “fighting against false or fake information about COVID-19 and defending human rights, especially the people affected by the coronavirus and during the lockdown.” In a separate interview, Zevonia also talks about her experience on the frontlines as a journalist and working parent.

Sanjib Chaudhary, editor of Global Voices Nepali Lingua: “Moral support from civil society, both offline and online, matters a lot to journalists to continue reporting without fear or favour. And especially support through social media channels like Twitter makes a difference.”

To illustrate his point, Sanjib points to the public outcry against the arrest of a Nepali official who was critical of the country’s prime minister. “Recently, during the lockdown imposed by the government due to COVID-19, I’ve noticed people supporting journalists, writers and opinion. Former secretary Bhim Upadhyay got a lot of support in social media users from all walks of life. His arrest caused an uproar throughout the country and he is now more vocal than ever.”

Thu Bui, a journalist with BBC News Vietnam : “In the time of critical crisis, like this pandemic, autocratic governments tend to issue more laws and regulations to control information, to restrict journalists’ activities in the name of national interest and saving lives. When a state of emergency is declared anywhere, it’s even harder for journalists to continue their cause of telling the truth.”

Unesco World Press Freedom Day Cartoon Zach
UNESCO partnered with Cartooning for Peace to create and share cartoons for World Press Freedom Day 2020. This cartoon is by Zach from the Philippines.

With COVID-19, such use of emergency powers to silence media is not uncommon. One such state of emergency is in Thailand, which critics say has resulted in a clamping down of free speech. Similar decrees have been used to arrest critics in Vietnam and Laos.

“One of the most important things that civil society can do to help journalists to fulfil their mission is to monitor the governments’ decisions, to question and challenge any ill intent from governments in keeping journalist from information, from the truth,” she adds.

Aie Balagtas See, an investigative journalist from the Philippines, echoes Bui’s call for civil society to “oppose moves that muzzle free press and free speech”. She adds: “Defend the press, stand with them. Especially each time fake news peddlers or autocrats attack them. A society is not free unless the press is truly free.”

Aie also says civil society can “donate or subscribe to newspapers or media outlets. Don’t let lack of advertisers kill legitimate media firms, and if you can, pay for the news you consume”. Because the internet allows us to access information without payment, particularly on social media, newsrooms around the world have been struggling with getting audiences to pay for their content.

Kathryn Raymundo, media specialist with Internews Philippines, also stresses the need to validate journalists, whether through protecting them or paying for the news. She writes: “The best way to support journalism is to validate their good work — share the stories that made an impact, news that mattered to me and my community. I value independent, quality reporting. I subscribe to news organizations and promote their innovation, especially those of the local news’.”

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen journalists around the globe collaborate on collective resources to better their coverage of the pandemic.

She adds: “Finally, I advocate for free expression and press freedom. Our journalists are the most curious, hardworking, and passionate people I know. I hope people realize how important journalism is in our society. Media help make sense of what is happening around us.

“For keeping us informed, thank you.”

Reporters Without Borders (RSF) ranked the degree of freedom available to journalists in 180 countries through the 2020 World Press Freedom Index. You may check out the rankings here. Learn more about World Press Freedom Day here.

About the Coconet Community

Coconet is a community of changemakers in the Asia-Pacific dedicated to digital rights movement building in the region. Among the members of the network are journalists from the region who continue reporting with fear or favour.

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How a youth group organised a fully online conference https://coconet.social/2020/online-youth-conference-remote/ https://coconet.social/2020/online-youth-conference-remote/#respond Thu, 23 Apr 2020 05:40:10 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1142 The pandemic has impacted how civil society organisations do advocacy work, derailing weeks (or months, in our case) of planning. However, we knew we had to adapt and innovate. Instead of a physical conference, we decided to execute a fully online youth conference for April 4, 2020. And, despite less than a month of planning, we did it.

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Screenshot of an online Youth Conference
A peek at the Virtual Room used for the Digital Youth Conference 2020 held on April 4. Screenshot from the International Youth United.

The new normal under the COVID-19 pandemic came in extremely unexpected forms for most of us in the Philippines. This time last month, people in Metro Manila and neighbouring provinces were adjusting to life under the enhanced community quarantine by the government. Lockdowns in neighboring Southeast Asia countries also soon followed after.

Lucky for me, I did not have much trouble adjusting at work. EngageMedia has been working remotely since it was founded, making my transition smoother compared to most. But for nonprofit and civil society organisations in the Philippines, some were more prepared for remote work than others.

However, the new normal hit my youth advocacy organisation International Youth United really hard, as we had a planned youth conference lined up for the end of March. I believe I speak for most of the Philippine youth empowerment and advocacy organisations when I say that the pandemic has impacted how we do advocacy work, derailing weeks (or months, in our case) of planning. The Luzon-wide lockdowns mean many are now playing catch-up in terms of how to implement campaigns and execute events originally planned before the pandemic started.

On March 12, 2020, unofficial reports were coming in about a possible Metro Manila-wide lockdown. I abruptly left Metro Manila for my province in case the reports turned out to be true. While on the way there, I thought deeply about the youth conference we spent weeks planning and preparing for. Before the end of the two-hour ride and after a few calls with the core team behind the conference, we knew we had to adapt and innovate.

Instead of a physical conference, we decided to execute a fully online youth conference for April 4, 2020. And, despite less than a month of planning, we did it.

Conceptualising a fully online youth conference

Three days later, the lockdown was already in full swing in the whole Luzon island. Because of this, the core team and volunteers could not meet in person anymore to quickly come up with full concepts for the online youth conference. So when we say that we were executing a fully online youth conference, we mean from the start of conceptualisation to the end of post-event documentation. We did not have an existing model on how to actually execute this, so we needed to craft processes and systems for the event preparations as we go.

Changing the angle of the conference theme was also deemed appropriate. From having a theme focused on peace and international relations, we decided to execute a conference on peace, public health, and digital rights to cover the current health crisis and the reality that most of us are spending more time online.

The first conversation we had as a team was on which platform we should use to plan, communicate, and co-work for the event. The leadership of the organisation, by default, proposed more secure platforms like Jitsi for video meetings, Protonmail for emails, and Redmine for file storage and project management. I personally voiced out my preference for using free and open-source software (FOSS), as advocated by EngageMedia. However, most of the volunteers had never heard of these platforms at the time of planning.

Tip: When planning an online conference, opt for a messaging app with end-to-end encryption like Signal to ensure sensitive conversations are secure.

That meant using Facebook Messenger (and, later on, Zoom, which we learned as the platform of choice for online classes by some university professors) for team meetings, Google Drive for file sharing and real-time file co-working and editing, and Signal for extremely sensitive discussions with key people in the core team. I introduced Signal to the organisation back when I was a full-time investigative reporter due to its state-of-the-art end-to-end encryption and top-notch data security. That paid off big time for this instance.

That reality spelled out that launching a fully online youth conference meant we needed to use communication and collaboration platforms most of our volunteers were already familiar with. With all the changes happening at all fronts due to the public health crisis, we did not want to subject them to additional change by introducing new alternatives to the ones they currently use, even if these were safer. I just added a mental note that in the future, I should introduce FOSS alternatives to the youth organisation members.

Banner of digital youth conference
Photo from International Youth United

Logistical challenges

Early into planning, we learned that some of our volunteers did not have stable Internet connections. Not only was it hard for them to attend the online classes set by their universities, it was also hard for them to attend the online meetings we have to prepare for the conference. I acknowledge it is a privilege to have a stable and fast Internet connection, and had to accept the reality that we would be relying on fewer people now that we are doing the conference online.

We sorted our volunteers into committees, just like when executing in-person conferences – secretariat, publicity, logistics, programs, and marketing. Some of these committees proved to have more work for an online conference compared to when executing actual conferences. For example, the publicity committee needed to produce more content, as we do not have the luxury of doing on-ground promotions, while the work of logistics mostly centered on scoping for the most cost-efficient online meeting platforms that can host 500 participants at once.

This capacity requirement meant my preferred meeting platforms of choice were no longer in the running. We were left with few choices, and eventually, put more focus on capacity than security. Despite possible security risks, we ended up using Zoom, the most cost-efficient option given that we had limited funds for the event. To compensate, we set up additional security for the virtual room we were going to use. We spent USD 65 in total for a premium subscription and the large meeting add-on that can accommodate 500 participants.

The conference quickly gathered interest from youth leaders across the country and worldwide. We started receiving applications from neighbouring countries – we ended up having participants from 15 countries. The conference addressed a specific information gap – youth from across the world wanted an outlet to sort out the COVID-19 infodemic and have clear action points on what they can do to help address current issues.

Tip: Adjust the number of people you will assign to committees. In our experience, the distribution of work for online conferences is different than in-person events.

Despite limited publicity run and short preparation time, we ended up getting 450 viable applications, higher than our expected attendees for the original in-person conference of 350 to 400 people. Making the event online encouraged more participants in general, but only the privileged ones who had a stable Internet connection at home could attend using this format.

Executing the conference

The early hours of April 4 were crucial for the smooth execution of the three-hour conference. We spent the whole morning doing technical dry-runs with our resource speakers, and building response teams in case unforeseen events happened during the conference.

Some resource speakers had a bit more difficulty in using the platform compared to others, probably because not all are digital natives. We could just imagine how much adjusting some professors needed to do when they were instructed to do online classes. The team spent time with each of the resource speakers to orient them with all the functionalities that they could use for the conference.

We created a virtual waiting room on Zoom as part of our additional security measures on Zoom. All participants were screened before gaining access to the actual conference room. We also sent a password only hours before the meeting.

Tip: Create a virtual waiting room where you can screen all participants before allowing them access to the main room.

We wish there were more security measures we could do, but at that point, we were just hoping for the best. Thankfully, the conference went on quite smoothly. While several participants needed to reconnect themselves to the virtual conference room from time to time, most stayed on consistently throughout the programme.

Discussions on peace and international relations under the current global health crisis, unpacking the COVID-19 pandemic and infodemic, and observing digital rights during political and public health crises were successfully done. Participants were able to submit their questions to resource speakers via Slido.

Based on participants’ feedback from the conference, the goal of the online conference was fully satisfied, and offshoot events were requested to supplement new learnings of the participants. One of the most requested follow-up events is on free, open-source, and more secure alternatives to mainstream communications platforms, as discussed in the digital rights session by Dr. Jun-E Tan, an independent researcher based in Malaysia, and Red Tani, EngageMedia’s advocacy and communications senior manager.

freedom of youth
Our organisation's last in-person event was in December 2019. Our fully online youth conference was definitely different, but not any less successful. Photo from International Youth United.

Learnings, moving forward

This attempt at executing a fully online conference seemed to be a success, but not one without extensive adjustments. The new normal under COVID-19 pushed us to be much more creative in rolling out youth empowerment campaigns and programs. This resonates with participants from other sectors of civil society, which had to make complex but necessary changes to continue with their work and advocacy.

The challenge for civil society now is to continue working on their advocacy under the new realities for a much longer period than the initial length of declared lockdowns. In the Philippines, for example, the lockdown has extended at least once since it was initially announced.

The challenge now seems more of a marathon than a sprint, and civil society needs to gear up for that to keep the advocacy work continuous until we reach the end of the pandemic. I list here my recommended tools for executing online conferences.

Recommended tools for organising online conferences and webinars:

  • Signal for one-on-one calls and private messaging
  • Wire for small group voice calls and private messaging
  • Jitsi for video meetings
  • Redmine for project management
  • Airtable for data sharing, document co-working, communication logs, and process monitoring

Now that the fully online youth conference is done, we hope that we can continue our advocacy work while making the conscious choice of using safer and more secure platforms to co-work and communicate with people. The ideal setup for civil society organisations is to explore FOSS alternatives to the ones they are currently using and making it the standard for advocacy work. In this new normal, why not throw in some good change in the mix and opt to be more secure and choose open-source by default? I know my youth organisation definitely will.

About the Author

Vino Lucero is a Project and Communications Officer at EngageMedia. He is a journalist based in Manila. He is also the Chief Global Executive Director of International Youth United, a youth organisation aiming to improve youth participation in issues related to freedom of information, digital rights, peace, justice, and human rights.

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To fight COVID-19 in Myanmar, stop the war and internet shutdown in Arakan https://coconet.social/2020/myanmar-rakhine-arakan-internet-shutdown-covid/ https://coconet.social/2020/myanmar-rakhine-arakan-internet-shutdown-covid/#comments Wed, 22 Apr 2020 01:00:03 +0000 https://coconet.social/?p=1124 The internet is a primary source of information on the global COVID-19 pandemic. But Arakan (formally known as Rakhine State) in western Myanmar is now experiencing the longest internet shutdown in the world. The internet blockage has also caused a lack of information and knowledge concerning COVID-19.

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The internet is a primary source of information on the global COVID-19 pandemic. But Arakan (formally known as Rakhine State) in western Myanmar is now experiencing the longest internet shutdown in the world. Arakan is the second poorest area in Myanmar, with very weak health infrastructure in place. The internet blockage has also caused a lack of information and knowledge concerning COVID-19.

The first internet shutdown started in June 21, 2019, in four townships in northern Arakan. Another five townships (one in neighboring Chin State) followed in February 3, 2020. This coming April 21, it will be approximately 330 days since the first four areas have been without internet, while it will be nearly 100 days for the latter townships.

The government has given different reasons for the shutdown, such as the stopping of the hate speech, disinformation, and instability due to conflict in the area. None of these are justifiable.

The situation in Rakhine

Although the world is now fighting against COVID-19, over one million people in northern Arakan are still being neglected by the government action plan. As of April 19, Myanmar now has 107 positive cases and five deaths attributed to the coronavirus. The Myanmar government has not announced any case from Arakan. But this number is in danger of ballooning. Arakan is very close to Bangladesh, where there are a reported 2,456 positive cases and 91 deaths as of the same date. But if not addressed, Arakan will remain very prone to local transmissions in the border area.

The internet blockage has caused a lack of information and knowledge concerning COVID-19.

But different from most other parts of the world, the armed conflict is still ongoing in the region between the government’s Myanmar Army and the Arakan Army, despite the latter’s announced unilateral ceasefire until the end of April upon the recommendation of a global ceasefire by the UN Secretary-General. Instead, according to most analysts, the Myanmar Army is trying to take military advantage in Arakan by imposing more offensive military operations and leading to more innocent civilian deaths. Since the beginning of January to April 15 of this year, the Arakan Information Center reports that 377 civilians have died, injured, and disappeared. Most of them are women and children.

The conflict has resulted in about 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDP) in the region are also living in camps without any well-built shelter and well-managed food distribution. The lack of social distancing in the IDP camps, the lack of water availability, and the lack of information on COVID-19 make it impossible to prevent a coronavirus outbreak in the area.

Unfortunately, what makes the people to be more fearful is the military attack on the civilian target rather than COVID-19. It seems the Myanmar government and military are more enthusiastic to fight against the Arakan Army than COVID-19 in the region. But under these three situations – internet shutdown, IDP camps, and ongoing armed conflict – it is unimaginable how the situation could be worse in the future if COVID-19 were to hit Arakan.

Stop war and internet shutdown

During the global pandemic period, we need to stop the war and internet shutdown to fight COVID-19 in Arakan.

I am one of those people speaking out, even if I am currently now hiding from police search. On February 23, 2020, in Yangon, I led the Students’ Unions’ protest and demonstration against the internet shutdown and human rights violations in the conflict-affected areas of Arakan. I could be prisoned for one month with hard labor if I face the trial.

But it is just my case. The more important thing to focus on is to fight against the COVID-19. Over one million people in Arakan are vulnerable to the disease if we do not stop the war and internet shutdown.

Mrauk_U,_Rakhine_State_01
Mrauk U township in Rakhine State (Arakan) is one of the nine townships in Myanmar that still do not have internet access to this day. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Thus, let us say: Stop the war and internet shutdown to fight against the COVID-19 in Arakan. Your participation is our power. Your concentration is our courage. Your word is our want.

About the Author

Kyaw Lynn is currently a postgraduate student taking his master’s degree in political science at the University of Yangon, Myanmar. He is the chairperson of Political Science Association (University of Yangon) as well as the principal officer at Arakan Students Union (Universities-Rangoon). 

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